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Black catbird
The black catbird (''Melanoptila glabrirostris'') is a songbird species in the monotypic genus ''Melanoptila'', part of the family Mimidae. At 19–20.5 cm (7.5–8 in) in length and 31.6–42 g (1.1–1.5 oz) in mass, it is the smallest of the mimids. Sexes appear similar, with glossy black plumage, black legs and bill, and dark reddish eyes. The species is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula, and is found as far south as Campeche, northern Guatemala and northern Belize. Although there are historical records from Honduras and the US state of Texas, the species is not now known to occur in either location. It is found at low elevations in semi-arid to humid habitats ranging from shrubland and abandoned farmland to woodland with thick understory, and is primarily sedentary.
Although it is a mimid, the black catbird is not known to imitate any other species. Its song is a mix of harsh notes and clear flute-like whistles, with the phrases repeated. It builds a cup nest in low bushes or trees, and lays two bluish eggs. It is threatened by habitat loss, and has been assessed as near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
==Systematics==
When Philip Sclater first described the black catbird in 1858, from a specimen collected in Omoa Honduras, he assigned it to the monotypic genus ''Melanoptila'', which he created at the same time.〔 At least one subsequent ornithologist assigned the species to the genus ''Turdus'', believing it to be a thrush, but most agreed with Sclater's assessment.〔 DNA studies have since shown that it is most closely related to various endemic Antillean mimids and the gray catbird,〔 and it is sometimes included with the latter species in the genus ''Dumetella''.〔 Although some taxonomists place the birds from Mexico's Cozumel Island in a separate subspecies (''M. g. cozumelana''), most authorities do not feel that such distinction is warranted and the species is generally regarded as monotypic throughout its range.〔
The genus name ''Melanoptila'' is a compound word created from two Greek words: ''melas'', meaning "black" and ''ptilon'', meaning "plumage".〔 This and the "black" of the bird's common name are a straightforward reference to its general appearance. The species name ''glabrirostris'' is a combination of two Latin words: ''glaber'', meaning "smooth or hairless" and ''rostris'', meaning "beak" (rostrum).〔 This is a reference to the very small rictal bristles which surround the black catbird's beak, in marked comparison to the prominent bristles found on the gray catbird.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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